Cosmetics

1. Cosmetics are mixtures of chemicals.These chemicals are generally collected from natural sources though some are synthetic.cosmetics are used to develop the appearance of the body especially face and hair. Lipstick, Mascara, hairstyling products,eye shadow, foundation, perfume,  skin cleansers, skin lotions, cologne and shampoo are the common cosmetics.
   

   According to one source, early major developments include:

   • Kohl used by ancient Egypt as a protective of the eye.
   • Castor oil used by ancient Egypt as a protective balm.
   • Skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rose water, described by Romans.
   • Vaseline and lanolin in the nineteenth century

   
   

   • One of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines is the fungus Tremella fuciformis, used as a beauty product by women in China and Japan. The fungus reportedly increases moisture retention in the skin and prevents senile degradation of micro-blood vessels in the skin, reducing wrinkles and smoothing fine lines. Other anti-ageing effects come from increasing the presence of superoxide dismutase in the brain and liver; it is an enzyme that acts as a potent antioxidant throughout the body, particularly in the skin. Tremella fuciformis is also known in Chinese medicine for nourishing the lungs. Most cosmetics are distinguished by the area of the body intended for application.
     • Primer comes in formulas to suit individual skin conditions. Most are meant to  prolong the wear of makeup, and allow for a smoother application of makeup. 
     • Lipstick, lip gloss, lip liner, lip plumper, lip balm, lip stain, lip conditioner, lip primer, lip boosters, and lip butters: Lipsticks are intended to add color and texture to the lips and often come in a wide range of colors, as well as finishes such as matte, satin, and lustre.  They temporarily saturate the lips with a dye. Usually designed to be waterproof, the product may come with an applicator brush, rollerball, or could be applied with a finger.
     • Concealer covers imperfections of the skin. 
     . Some formulations are intended only for the eye or only for the face. This product can also be used for contouring the face like ones nose, cheekbones, and jaw line to add a more defined look to the total face.
     
     • Foundation is used to smooth out the face by covering spots, acne, blemishes, or uneven skin tone.  Foundation primer is applied before foundation to fill out pores, create a dewy look or create a smoother finish. 
     • Face powder sets the foundation, giving it a matte finish while also concealing small flaws or blemishes. It can also be used to bake the foundation, so that it stays on longer. Tinted face powders may be worn alone as a light foundation so that the full face does not look as caked-up as it could.
     • Rouge, blush, or blusher is cheek coloring to bring out the color in the cheeks and make the cheekbones appear more defined. Rouge comes in powder, cream, and liquid forms. Different blush colors are used to compliment different skin tones.^[2]
     • Contour powders and creams are used to define the face. 
     • Highlight, used to draw attention to the high points of the face as well as to add glow, comes in liquid, cream, and powder forms. It often contains a substance to provide shimmer. Alternatively, a lighter-toned foundation/concealer can be used.
     • Bronzer gives skin a bit of color by adding a golden or bronze glow and highlighting the cheekbones, as well as being used for contouring. Bronzer is considered to be more of a natural look and can be used for an everyday wear. Bronzer enhances the color of the face while adding more of a shimmery look. It comes in either matte, semi matte/satin, or shimmer finishes.
     • Mascara is used to darken, lengthen, thicken, or draw attention to the eyelashes. It is available in various colors. Some mascaras include glitter flecks. There are many formulas, including waterproof versions for those prone to allergies or sudden tears. It is often used after an eyelash curler and mascara primer.^[2] Many mascaras have components to help lashes appear longer and thicker.
     

     Eye shadow being applied
     

     Broadway actor Jim Brochu applies make-up before the opening night of a play.
     • Eye shadow is a pigmented powder/cream or substance used to accentuate the eye area, traditionally on above and under the eyelids. Many colours may be used at once and blended together to create different effects. This is conventionally applied with a range of eyeshadow brushes though it isn't uncommon for alternative methods of application to be used.
     

     The chin mask known as chutti for Kathakali, a performing art in Kerala, India, is considered the thickest makeup applied for any art form.
     • Eye liner is used to enhance and elongate the apparent size or depth of the eye. For example, white eyeliner on the waterline and inner corners of the eye makes the eyes look bigger and more awake. It can come in the form of a pencil, a gel, or a liquid and can be found in almost any color.
     • Eyebrow pencils, creams, waxes, gels, and powders are used to color, fill in, and define the brows.^[2]
     • Nail polish is used to color the fingernails and toenails.^[2] Transparent, colorless versions may strengthen nails or as a top or base coat to protect the nail or polish.
     • Setting spray is used as the last step in the process of applying makeup. It keeps applied makeup intact for long periods. An addition to setting spray is setting powder, which may be either pigmented or translucent. Both of these products are claimed to keep makeup from absorbing into the skin or melting off.
     • False eyelashes are used when exaggerated eyelashes are desired. Their basic design usually consists of human hair or synthetic materials attached to a thin cloth-like band, which is applied with glue to the lashline. Designs vary in length and color. Rhinestones, gems, and even feathers and lace occur on some false eyelash designs.
     • Contouring is designed to give shape to an area of the face. The aim is to enhance the natural shading on your face to give the illusion of a more defined facial structure which can be altered to preference. Brighter skin coloured makeup products are used to 'highlight' areas which we want to draw attention to or to be caught in the light. Whereas darker shades are used to create a shadow. These light and dark tones are blended on the skin to create the illusion of a more definite face shape. It can be achieved using a "contour palette" - which can be either cream or powder.
     Cosmetics can be also described by the physical composition of the product. Cosmetics can be liquid or cream emulsions; powders, both pressed and loose; dispersions; and anhydrous creams or sticks.
     Makeup remover is a product used to remove the makeup products applied on the skin. It cleans the skin before other procedures, like applying bedtime lotion.